What defines a genetic mutation?

A genetic mutation is defined as a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence. This definition is rooted in the understanding that mutations lead to changes in the genetic code that can be passed on to subsequent generations, influencing traits that organisms exhibit. Unlike temporary changes in gene expression or reversible changes in physical traits, which may occur due to environmental factors or other influences, a genetic mutation represents a stable and enduring modification.

This alteration can occur in various forms, such as point mutations, insertions, deletions, or duplications, and it can significantly impact an organism's phenotype depending on where in the DNA the mutation occurs and how it affects gene function. While errors in protein synthesis can result from mutations, they do not encapsulate the broader definition of what constitutes a mutation itself. Therefore, the choice that accurately defines a genetic mutation is the one stating it is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence.