What is a chromosome?

A chromosome is accurately defined as a structure of tightly coiled DNA found in the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes are essential for the organization, packaging, and protection of genetic information. During cell division, DNA condenses into chromosomes, which ensures that each daughter cell receives the right amount of genetic material. Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes that carry genes, which determine hereditary traits.

The other options represent different biological concepts. The reference to a type of white blood cell indicates a component of the immune system, while the mention of a protein that aids in digestion involves enzymatic functions, which are unrelated to genetic material. Lastly, an organ involved in metabolism points to organs such as the liver, which have specific functions in processing nutrients, separate from the genetic coding carried by chromosomes. Understanding chromosomes is fundamental in genetics, cell biology, and various biomedical fields.