What is the primary function of mitochondria?

The primary function of mitochondria is the production of ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert the energy stored in food molecules into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency of the cell. This process involves a series of biochemical reactions including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Mitochondria play a critical role in energy metabolism, as they generate ATP needed for various cellular processes such as muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and cell division. Their ability to efficiently produce ATP makes them essential for the proper functioning of both eukaryotic cells and the entire organism.

The other options highlight functions that are important but do not pertain specifically to mitochondria. Storage of genetic information is primarily managed by the nucleus. Maintenance of cellular structure is mainly the responsibility of the cytoskeleton and cellular membranes. Transport of nutrients within the cell is facilitated by the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles. Thus, while these functions are vital for cellular operations, they do not relate to the central role of mitochondria in energy production.