What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

The primary function of mitochondria in a cell is converting nutrients into energy. Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they play a crucial role in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency of the cell. They accomplish this through a series of biochemical processes known as cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are utilized to generate ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This energy is essential for powering various cellular functions, including metabolic processes, muscle contraction, and maintaining cellular structure.

While other options touch on important cellular functions, they are not primary roles of mitochondria. Storing genetic information is primarily the function of the cell nucleus, while hormone production typically occurs in specialized endocrine cells. Eliminating waste products is a function more associated with lysosomes and other cellular mechanisms, rather than being a direct function of mitochondria. This context highlights why the conversion of nutrients into energy is the central role of mitochondria within the broader scope of cell biology.