What is the role of cortisol in the body?

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands and plays a crucial role in various body functions. Its primary responsibilities include helping to regulate metabolism—particularly the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—and mediating the immune response.

When the body is under stress, cortisol helps mobilize energy resources by increasing glucose production through gluconeogenesis and ensuring that the body has the energy it needs to respond to the stressor. This is essential in maintaining homeostasis when faced with physical or psychological stress. Additionally, cortisol has anti-inflammatory effects, which assist in managing the body's immune response effectively.

While the other options mention important functions in the body, they do not directly correspond to the primary roles of cortisol specifically. Digestion regulation, growth and development, and blood sugar control are influenced by various hormones and biological processes but are not the primary role of cortisol. This understanding of cortisol is essential for appreciating how it maintains balance in response to stress and supports metabolic functions in the body.