Which cellular organelle is responsible for energy production through cellular respiration?

The mitochondria are the key organelles responsible for energy production within cells through the process of cellular respiration. This process involves the conversion of biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as the primary energy currency for cellular activities. Mitochondria perform this function by breaking down glucose and other organic molecules in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy that is then captured in the form of ATP.

By contrast, the nucleus is primarily involved in storing genetic information and regulating gene expression, while ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA into proteins. Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal within the cell, breaking down macromolecules and recycling cellular components. Each of these organelles plays a crucial role in cell function, but the production of energy through cellular respiration is distinctly the function of the mitochondria.